In July
1974, the year U. S. District Court Judge George Boldt ruled on the American
Indian treaty fishing rights case United States v. Washington – commonly known as the Boldt Decision – I was a cannery tender
captain, buying salmon for Port Chatham Packing Company of Seattle, owned at
the time by a pair of Norwegian brothers named Norman and Erling Nielsen. Port
Chatham smoked salmon was known worldwide for its exceptional quality, and
counted gourmet chef Julia Child among its steady customers.
The salmon I
procured for Port Chatham came largely from Lummi (a.k.a. Lhaq ‘temish) and
Samish Indians, who caught the Chinook salmon so prized by connoisseurs of the
Nielsen’s Norwegian-style BALLARD LOX.
Sometimes, when seas were rough off Cherry Point where they fished, I took my
vessel into the Sandy Point Marina and tied up to a friend’s father’s private
dock. The Marina is part of the Lummi Indian Reservation, so this was handy for
all involved.
The problem,
as I soon discovered, was that I was obligated to buy a license and pay a tax
to the Lummi Tribe, which would make me less competitive in the prices I could
offer to the fishermen. Operating in violation of this regulation is how I came
to meet Ken Cooper, at the time a Lummi Nation fisheries patrol officer. Built like a Grizzly Bear, Ken did
not need to persuade me that I would be wise to come along peacefully, to be
heard in Lummi Tribal Court.
In July 1993,
when I was managing litigation for the Watershed Defense Fund, our attorney and
I appeared before the Washington State Shorelines Hearings Board in Olympia,
and called on Lummi Nation water resources staff person Harriet Beale to
testify about her knowledge of water quality issues. Later that summer, I went
on vacation to the coastal village of La Push, located on the Quileute Indian
Reservation. Walking around the village, I saw a beautiful carved canoe, and
asked the owner if I could take a photo.
As he
proudly posed next to it for a photo-op, I mentioned I knew a Lummi Indian by
the name of Ken Cooper, who was from just down the coast at the Hoh Indian
Reservation. Stunned by my comment, he said that Ken did not grow up at Hoh
River, but grew up right next door, pointing at the small house just yards
away. Learning of this, I sent the photo to the Lummi water resources office,
where Ms. Beale worked alongside Ken Cooper, whom I received a call from a few
days later.
When I
answered the phone, Ken, who likely did not remember our encounter twenty years
earlier, thanked me for the photo of his childhood friend -- whom he had not
seen in many years -- and proceeded to tell me stories about living at La Push.
Before he hung up, Ken said that the experience of receiving this photo out-of-the-blue
was so emotional, that he had held his ceremonial drum while we talked.
In September
1995, U.S. Senator Slade Gorton – the former Washington Attorney General who
lost the Boldt Decision case – went on a rampage of vengeance against Lummi
Nation, threatening to drastically cut the federal funding they were entitled
to by the 1855 Treaty of Point Elliot, in retaliation for Lummi Nation
subjecting white Fee Land Owners on the reservation to water quality rules
enacted by the Lummi Indian Governing Council. As special advisor to Washington
Environmental Council president Sherilyn Wells, I observed the Lummi round
dance in front of the Whatcom County Courthouse where Mrs. Wells spoke (alongside
Lummi spiritual leader Ken Cooper), in denouncing Senator Gorton.
Attending
the round dance -- accompanied by Lummi Tribal drummers – was Lummi Nation
staff attorney Shirley Leckman, and my Public Good Project associate, Paul de
Armond. As I walked up the block to tell Paul and Shirley that I had just
returned from the printer with copies of Paul’s report on anti-Indian
developments in the region, I could hear Ken Cooper’s booming voice singing a
holy song in the Lhaq ‘temish language.
On May 19,
2001 – after flying in from San Francisco, to where I had moved in 1998 -- I
attended the Whatcom Human Rights Task Force awards banquet, at which Kurt
Russo of the Lummi Nation Sovereignty and Treaty Protection Office presented an
award to Paul for “putting his life on the line” contributing to the apprehension of
people engaged in intimidation of environmental advocates, Indian treaty
proponents, and human rights activists. Joining Paul in receiving awards were my
friend Linda Lyman, and posthumously, Ken Cooper.
In June 2005,
I published a collection of my short stories titled Life as Festival, in which I included the stories Ken
Cooper had told me in 1993, that I named Eye-to-Eye.
In my story, I used the name ‘Benny’ instead of Kenny.
In October
2011, early one Sunday morning, I walked for tea and scones at the Fort Mason
café and bookstore, overlooking the Golden Gate Bridge and San Francisco Bay.
Browsing through the used books section, I spotted an intriguing title—The Heart of the Sky: Travels Among
the Maya, by Peter
Canby. Thinking that my friend Nina -- who had adopted a Guatemalan Maya daughter
while living and teaching in Oaxaca -- might enjoy it, I purchased it and
returned home. Enjoying the book, I nearly read it straight through, until I
came to page 311, where to my utter surprise, I read the following passage:
Later, back in San Cristobal, I spoke
with a member of the delegation of Northwest Indians that had been visiting
Lacanja. The man, a six-foot-five-inch, 250-pound Lummi Indian from Washington
State named Cha-das-skidum, or Ken Cooper in English, was concerned that the
Lacandons were losing their forest and that this would affect their spiritual
well-being.
“When they’re young”, he said, “all
indigenous people go into the forest and stay there until the forest speaks to
them, until they become part of it. When that happens, the forest shows them
how to get out. It’s like you guys. You didn’t get out of the forest because
you were tough or smart. You got out because the forest was ready to let you
go.”
On April 17,
2013 -- having received notice of an April 6 anti-Indian conference, held near
the Lummi Indian Reservation – the Cascadia
Weekly published my letter to the editor titled ‘Givers and Takers’ on page
4 of the Earth Day issue. According to Paul de Armond’s
sister Claire, it was the last thing Paul read before passing away on April 20,
and the last time he smiled. In the April 23 issue, Cascadia Weekly’s editor wrote a eulogy to Paul titled ‘A Giant Passes Through’.
On May 3,
2013, I received an email from a woman named Sandra Robson, who was involved in
the fight against the proposed Gateway Pacific Terminal (GPT) at Cherry Point,
a coal-export development opposed by Lummi Nation. Sandra was working closely
with Sierra Club, as well as ReSources, a non-profit that successfully sued SSA Marine/Pacific International
Terminals (parent of GPT) for violating the Clean Water Act, by illegally
bulldozing an ancient Lummi burial ground and village site at Cherry Point.
In the
concluding paragraph of my 2005 story Eye-to-Eye,
I wrote the following about Ken Cooper:
A few years back, when Benny returned
to the other world to share stories with his ancestors, I remembered these
stories he told me over the phone one morning, while holding his drum and the
photo I’d sent him of the new canoe carved by his childhood friend at La Push.
He was thinking of maybe going back for a visit during the great gathering of
tribal ocean paddlers from Canada and Washington that I’d told him I’d seen
advertised while camping out there on vacation.
I don’t know if he made it back, but I
like to think that he’s happy more people are starting to appreciate the values
of cooperation, reciprocity, and sharing he grew up with. It would make him
feel good.